Public health and demographic development of Asian Russia

Relevance. In the regions of Asian Russia, there are problems and contradictions in the development of the social sphere, differentiation of urban and rural settlements in terms of infrastructure provision and transport accessibility. Achieving social sustainability of the territories of Asian Russia is the most important condition for the long-term crisis-free development of these territories, maintaining national security and ensuring the national interests of the country. Problems of assessing public health, the effectiveness of the health care system, and demographic development are of particular importance and relevance at the present time.

The aim and objectives. As a result, the development of methodological tools for assessing public health, the level of health care development, and demographic development in the regions of Asian Russia became the goal of this study.The objectives of the study included a generalization of Russian and foreign practice in assessing public health, as well as the development of tools for multi-criteria assessment of public health and the level of healthcare development in the regions of Russia based on integral indicators of the effectiveness and resource availability of the healthcare system.

Materials and methods. In this study, the authors consider public health as an economic category that reflects the expenditures of the country's economic resources allocated to the protection of public health and the effectiveness of the state policy of the state aimed at protecting public health. As the main indicators characterizing public health, the indicators of healthy life expectancy, total fertility rate, infant mortality rate, mortality rate of the working-age population are defined.

Results. The results of the public health assessment indicate that 18 regions of Asian Russia, or two thirds, are characterized by a low level of health system performance in terms of healthy lifestyle expectancy, fertility and mortality rates. A low level of resource provision of the healthcare system is observed in half of the territories, or 14 regions of Asian Russia.

Conclusion. As recent experience in the fight against COVID-19 has shown, despite the effective work of all medical organizations and the dedicated work of the country’s medical workers, all the problems that have existed for a long time in the development of the infrastructure of both the healthcare system and other sectors of the country’s social sphere have emerged. There is a general understanding that the infrastructural development of any territory of vast Russia must be carried out according to modern standards and requirements, regardless of its geographical location and administrative status.

1. Агарков В.И., Лихобабина О.А., Агарков А.В., Бугашева Н.В., Парахина О.Н. Теории общественного здоровья, медицины и народонаселения. Вестник гигиены и эпидемиологии. 2019;23(2):152-155. / Agarkov V.I., Likhobabina O.A., Agarkov A.V., Bugasheva N.V., Parakhina O.N. Theories of public health, medicine and population. Vestnik of hygiene and epidemiology. 2019;23(2):152-155. https://vh.dnmu.ru/index.php/VHE-2-2018/article/download/251/262/ (in Russ.).

2. Болдина К.С. Классификация регионов РФ по уровню развития системы здравоохранения. Вестник Волгоградского государственного университета. 2015;2(27):31-39. / Boldina K.S. Classification of regions of the Russian Federation according to the level of development of the healthcare system. Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriia 1. Matematika. Fizika. 2015;2(27):31-39. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu1.2015.2 (in Russ.).

3. Дагбаева С. Д-Н. Социальные технологии в управлении качеством жизни. Вестник ВСГТУ. 2011;3(34):31. / Dagbaeva S. D. N. Social technologies in the management of quality of life. Vestnik VSGTU. 2011;3(34):31. (in Russ.).

4. Дагбаева С. Д-Н. Качество жизни населения: технологии анализа и управления. УланУдэ, Изд-во ВСГТУ. 2011;275. / Dagbaeva S. D-N. Quality of life of the population: technologies of analysis and management. Ulan-Ude, Izd-vo VSGTU. 2011;275. ISBN 978-5-89230-385-9. (in Russ.).

5. Журавлева Т.А. Доступность услуг здравоохранения в Орловской области. Вестник Академии знаний. 2018;1(24):83-89. / Zhuravleva T.A. Availability of healthcare services in the Oryol region. Vestnik Akademii znanii. 2018;1(24):83-89. http://academiyadt.ru/zhurnal-vestnik-akademiiznanij-vaz-24-1-yanvar-fevral-2018/ (in Russ.).

6. Иванова С. Н., Тулохонов А.К. Социальная устойчивость территорий Азиатской России. Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture. 2022;14(5):318-336. / Ivanova S.N., Tulokhonov A.K. Social sustainability of the territories of Asian Russia. Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture. 2022;14(5):318-336. DOI: 10.12731/2658-6649-2022-14-5-318-336. (in Russ.).

7. Иванова С.Н. Пространственные аспекты развития занятости населения территорий Северной Азии. Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture. 2024;16(1):381-404. / Ivanova S.N. Spatial aspects of employment development in Northern Asia. Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture. 2024;16(1):381-404. doi: 10.12731/2658-6649-2024-16-1-709 (in Russ.).

8. Каткова И.П. Российское здравоохранение в контексте задач достижения всеобщей доступности услуг здравоохранения к 2030 году. Народонаселение. 2020;23(1):135-147. / Katkova I.P. Russian healthcare in the context of achieving universal access to health services by 2030. Population. 2020;23(1):135-147. https://doi.org/10.19181/population.2020.23.1.11 (in Russ.).

9. Кравченко Н. А., Агеева С.Д., Иванова А.И. Инвестиции для устойчивого и инклюзивного развития регионов Азиатской России: проблемы и перспективы. ЭКО. 2023;1(583):78-98. / Kravchenko N.A., Ageeva S.D., Ivanova A.I. Investments for Sustainable and Inclusive Development of the Regions of Asian Russia: Problems and Prospects. ECO. 2023;1(583)78-98. DOI: 10.30680/ECO0131-7652-2023-1-78-98. (in Russ.).

10. Лубсанова Н.Б., Иванова С.Н., Михеева А.С. Свидетельство о государственной регистрации базы данных № 2023621284 Российская Федерация. Статистическая база данных оценки социо-эколого-экономической устойчивости территориальных природно-хозяйственных систем Северной Азии: № 2023620903: заявл. 05.04.2023: опубл. 20.04.2023. / Lubsanova N.B., Ivanova S.N., Mikheeva A.S. Certifcate of state registration of the database No. 2023621284 Russian Federation. Statistical database for assessing the socio-ecological-economic sustainability of territorial natural-economic systems of North Asia: No. 2023620903: application. 04/05/2023: publ. 04/20/2023. (in Russ.).

11. Лудупова Е.Ю. Научно-организационные принципы построения территориальной системы управления качеством медицинской деятельности: Автореф. дис. …д-ра мед. наук. М., 2019;47. / Ludupova E.Yu. Scientifc and organizational principles of building a territorial quality management system for medical activities:[dissertation]. Moscow, 2019;47. (in Russ.).

12. Нацун Л.Н. Оценка показателей общественного здоровья в России в контексте выполнения Целей устойчивого развития ООН. Социальная политика и социология. 2019;18(4):5-13. / Natsun L.N. Evaluation of public health indicators in Russia in the context of Sustainable Development UNO Goal’s Execution. Sotsial'naya politika i sotsiologiya. 2019;18(4):5-13. https://doi.org/10.17922/2071-3665-2019-18-4-5-13 (in Russ.).

13. Никифорова Н.В., Зайцева Н.В., Клейн С.В. Об оценке заболеваемости населения, связанной с качеством атмосферного воздуха, на примере субъекта России. Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture. 2022;14(4):73-88. / Nikiforova N.V., Zaitseva N.V., Klein S.V. On assessing the morbidity of the population associated with the atmospheric air quality on the example of a Russian constituent entity. Siberian Journal of Life Sciences and Agriculture. 2022;14(3):73-88. DOI: 10.12731/2658-6649-2022-14-4-73-88. (in Russ.).

14. Крюков В.А., Суслов Н.И. ред. Новый импульс Азиатской России. Новосибирск, Издво ИЭОПП СО РАН. 2022;572. / Kryukov V.A., Suslov N.I. ed. New impetus for Asian Russian. Novosibirsk, Izd-vo IEOPP SO RAN. 2022;572. (in Russ.).

15. Рыбаковский Л.Л., Савинков В.И., Кожевникова Н.И. Демографическое развитие азиатской России в XX–XXI веках: оценка результатов. Социологические исследования. 2018;11(415):64–74. / Rybakovsky L.L., Savinkov V.I., Kozhevnikova N.I. Demographic development of Asian Russia in the 20th–21st centuries: an assessment of results. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya. 2018;11(415):64–74. DOI: 10.31857/S013216250002786-7. (in Russ.).

16. Тагаева Т.О., Казанцева Л.К. Общественное здоровье и реформа здравоохранения в России. Мир новой экономики. 2019;13(4):126-134. / Tagaeva T.O., Kazantseva L.K. Public health and healthcare reform in Russia. Mir Novoi Ekonomiki. 2019;13(4):126-134. https://doi.org/10.26794/2220-6469-2019-13-4-126-134 (in Russ.).

17. Тулохонов А.К. О «Национальной программе развития Дальнего Востока»: реальность и миражи. ЭКО. 2019;12(546):90–104. / Tulokhonov A.K. About the “National Program for the Development of Far East”: reality and mirages. EKO. 2019;12(546):90–104. DOI: 10.30680/ECO0131-7652-2019-12-90-104. (in Russ.).

18. Цехла С.Ю., Плугарь Е.В. Здоровье населения и развитие экономики здоровья. Ученые записки Крымского федерального университета имени В.И. Вернадского. Экономика и управление. 2017;3(69):104-110. / Tsekhla S.Yu., Plugar E.V. Population health and development of health economics. Uchenye zapiski Krymskogo federal'nogo universiteta imeni V.I. Vernadskogo. Ekonomika i upravlenie. 2017;3(69):104-110. http://sn-ecoman.cfuv.ru/wp-content/uploads/2018/02/010cexla.pdf (in Russ.).

19. Шабунова А.А. Общественное здоровье и его измерение. Социологический альманах. 2011;2:173-181. / Shabunova A.A. Public health and its measurement // Sotsiologicheskii al'manakh. 2011;2:173-181. https://socio.bas-net.by/wpcontent/uploads/2016/04/soc_alm2.pdf (in Russ.).

20. Ivanova S., Gomboev B., Tsydypov V. Ayusheeva V., Ayurzhanaev A., Sodnomov B., Batomunkuev V., Urbanova D., Bolkhosoeva E., Zangeeva N., Batotsyrenov E., Sharaldaev B., Мотошкина М., Badmaev A., Lubsanova N. Air Quality in a Large City in the Baikal Natural Territory: the Social Dimension (a Case Study of Ulan-Ude). WSEAS Transactions on Environment and Development. 2022;18: 769-776. DOI: 10.37394/232015.2022.18.72.

21. Moon S., Rottingen J-A., Frenk J.ulio. Global public goods for health: Weaknesses and opportunities in the global health system. Health Economics, Policy and Law. 2017;12:195-205. DOI: 10.1017/S1744133116000451.