Thermal sulfide waters of the Barguzin valley (Republic of Buryatia)

Relevance. Hydrogen sulfide mineral waters are widely used in spa treatment. The therapeutic effect of exposure to hot water procedures gives positive results in chronic pathologies of the musculoskeletal system, gastroenterology, as well as in other areas of prevention and rehabilitation of human health, where hydrogen sulfide is considered an important therapeutic component.

The aim of the work. Investigation of the hydrochemical and microbiological composition of thermal hydrogen sulfide waters of Umkhey, Kuchiger, Alla springs of the Barguzin Valley of the Republic of Buryatia.

Materials and methods. The composition of sulfur-containing compounds in sources, which by their composition belong to the nitric thermal siliceous waters of the Baikal hydromineral region, where the accumulation of chemical components is facilitated by an alkaline environment and elevated temperature, has been studied using hydrochemical analysis, mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography.

Results. The conducted studies have shown that in addition to sulfides and sulfates, sulfites, thiosulfates, mineral water contains elemental and polysulfide sulfur, cyclic polynuclear organosulfur compounds and cyclic polysulfides. These compounds can exhibit high balneological activity due to their better permeability through the skin at high temperatures. The composition of the microbial community of water and bottom sediments has been studied, which is represented by various taxonomic groups, where the chemolithotrophic bacteria Thiobacillus, Thermodesulfovibrio, Geobacter and Gallionella are the dominant group. The microbial community in thermal springs is involved in the transformation of chemicals, the formation and consumption of gases, in biogeochemical cycles of sulfur, the formation of the chemical composition and therapeutic factor of waters and sediments.

Conclusions. The presence of organic sulfanes simultaneously with elemental sulfur and hydrogen sulfide suggests that they are active balneological components of thermal hydrogen sulfide mineral waters. The microbial community of water and bottom sediments in thermal springs is involved in the transformation of chemicals and the formation of the chemical composition and therapeutic factor of waters and bottom sediments.

1. Азарова И.Н., Горшков А.Г., Грачев М.А., Коржова Е.Н., Смагунова А.Н. Определение элементной серы в донных осадках методом высокоэффективной жидкостной хроматографии. Журнал аналитической химии. 2001;56(10):1062-1066. / Azarova I.N., Gorshkov A.G., Grachev M.A., Korzhova E.N., Smagunova A.N. Determination of elemental sulfur in bottom sediments using highperformance liquid chromatography. Journal of analytical chemistry. 2001;56(10):929-933. DOI: 10.1023/A:1012309411889. (in Russ.)

2. Раднагуруева А.А., Лаврентьева Е.В., Будагаева В.Г., Бархутова Д.Д., Дунаевский Ю.Е., Намсараев Б.Б. Органотрофные бактерии горячих источников Байкальской рифтовой зоны. Микробиология. 2016;85(3):367–378. / Radnagurueva A.A., Lavrentieva E.V., Budagaeva V.G., Barkhutova D.D., Dunaevsky Y.E., Namsaraev B.B. Organotrophic bacteria of the Baikal rift zone hot springs. Microbiology. 2016;85(3):367–378. (in Russ.)

3. Фомин Г.С. Вода. Контроль химической, бактериальной и радиационной безопасности по международным стандартам. Энциклопедический справочник. Москва: Протектор, 2000;848. ISBN 5-900631-13-3. / Fomin G.S. Water. Inspection of chemical, bacteriological and radiation safety according to international standards. Encyclopedic reference book. Moscow: Protector Publ.,2000;848. ISBN 5-900631-13-3. (in Russ.)

4. Хахинов В.В., Намсараев Б.Б. Минеральные источники Баргузинской котловины. Улан-Удэ: Изд-во “Полиграфик”. 2007;120. / Khakhinov V.V., Namsaraev B.B. Mineral springs of the Barguzin basin. Ulan-Ude: Polygrafk Publ., 2007;120. (in Russ.)

5. Хуторянский В.А., Горшков А.Г., Бальнеологические компоненты сульфидных минеральных вод. Вопросы курортологии, физиотерапии и лечебной физической культуры. 2015;92(6):51-55. / Issues of balneology, physiotherapy and therapeutic physical culture. 2015;92(6):51-55. (in Russ.)

6. Хуторянский В.А., Кустова О.В., Хахинов В.В., Ульзетуева И.Д. Горшков А.Г. Полисульфиды термальных сульфидных вод Республики Бурятия. Известия Иркутского государственного университета. Серия Науки о Земле. 2018;23:106–121. / Khutoryanskiy V.A., Kustova O.V., Khakhinov V.V., Ulzetueva I.D., Gorshkov A.G. Polysulphides of Thermal Sulphide Waters of Republic of Buryat. The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Earth Sciences. 2018;23:106-121. DOI: 10.26516/2073-3402.2018.23.106. (in Russ.)

7. Braga P.C., Ceci C., Marabini L., Nappi G. The Antioxidant Activity of Sulphurous Thermal Water Protects against Oxidative DNA Damage: A Comet Assay Investigation. Drug Research. 2013:63:198-202.

8. Goifman A., Ryzkov D., Gun J., Kamyshny A.Jr, Modestov A.D, Lev O. Inorganic polysulfdes' quantitation by methyl iodide derivatization: dimethylpolysulfde formotion potential. Water Sci Technol. 2004:49(9):179–184.

9. Kamyshny A., Ekeltchik I., Gun J. Method for the Determination the Distribution of Inorganic Polysulfde distribution in Aquatic Systems. Analytical Chemistry. 2006:78:2631-2639

10. Möckel H.J. Retention of sulphur and sulphur organics in reversed-phase liquid chromatography. J. Chromatogr. 1984:317:589-614.

11. Prandelli C., Parola C., Buizza L., Delbarba A., Marziano M., Salvi V., Zacchi V., Memo M., Sozzani S., Calza S., Uberti D., Bosisio D. Sulphurous thermal water increases the release of the anti-infammatory cytokine IL-10 and modulates antioxidant enzyme activity. Int. J Immunopathol. Pharmacol. 2013:26(3):633-46.

12. Findlay A.J. Microbial impact on environmental polysulfde dynamics. Microbiology Letters, 2016;363(1). DOI:10.1093/femsle/fnw103

13. Frank Y.A., Lukina A.P., Sen'kina E.I., Avakyan M.R., Karnachuk O.V., Kadnikov V.V., Beletsky A.V., Mardanov A.V., Ravin N.V., Banks D. Characterization and genome analysis of the frst facultatively alkaliphilic thermodesulfovibrio isolated from the deep terrestrial subsurface. Frontiers in microbiology. 2016;200