Relevance. Currently, the creation of new institutions for the health improvement of the population within the Republic of Tuva on the basis of natural objects is a very urgent issue.

Objectives. In this regard, we considered the hydrochemical composition of the lakes of the Turano-Uyuk depression, their ecological state and prospects for balneological use.

Materials and methods. During field studies, employees of the TuvIKOPR SB RAS examined the largest natural lakes of the Turano-Uyuk depression and tested them to determine the chemical composition of natural waters. Chemical analysis was carried out in the Problem Research Laboratory of the National Tomsk Polytechnic University. In addition to field studies, a comparative literary method was used. Publications on this topic were studied and a retrospective analysis of the chemical composition of the waters of the lakes of the Turano-Uyuk depression and mud deposits as a therapeutic factor was carried out.

Results. The greatest prospects for balneological development are Lake Beloye (White Lakes), the waters of which, according to the «Classification of mineral waters and therapeutic muds...» (MU No. 2000/34), belong to group 7, the therapeutic effect of which is determined by the amount of mineralization and ion-salt composition.

Conclusions. The climatic conditions of the Turano-Uyuk basin, the presence of brackish (mineral) water and mineral mud (subject to the study of their balneological properties) open up prospects for organizing a resort, a health resort, a health resort on the shores of the lake, subject to the coordination of economic (balneological) activities with the Ministry of Forestry and Nature Management of the Republic of Tyva.

The objective of the research was to develop terrain cure routes and study the landscape and recreative potential of the Kislovodsk National Park. The Kislovodsk National Park has a unique health-improving potential: green areas of the park, favorable climate, mineral waters, which create the necessary comfort level for recovery, treatment, rehabilitation and health maintenance.

Materials and methods. The research was conducted on February 20-22, 2024 in the Kislovodsk National Park with the application of route landscape and climatic observations, as well as an assessment of human physical capabilities, using the example of a woman aged 31 years, height 165 cm and weight 56 kg.

Results. Researchers of the Center of Biomedical Technologies (North-Caucasian Federal Research-Clinical Center) have developed two terrain cure routes: Route No 1 and Route No 2. According to the classification, the Route No 1 is considered difficult, the route’s length is 1600 m, angle of elevation – not more than 4°, completion time – 30-40 minutes, the pulse zone No 1 is mainly a light activity zone. The whole route runs through the lower part of the park and is protected from direct sunlight and, deep in the valley, from winds. The path is mostly flat, but has slopes in some locations. According to the classification, the Route No 2, developed from the “Orion” athlete rehabilitation and recovery center (North-Caucasian Federal Research-Clinical Center), is also considered difficult, the route’s length – 2600 m, angle of elevation – up to 13°, completion time – 50-60 minutes, the pulse zone No 1 is mainly a light activity zone. The route is also characterized by a long ascent and steep descent.

Conclusion. The comprehensive analysis of the Kislovodsk National Park’s landscape modules proves that the landscape and climatic potential is high enough – 2.8 points out of 3.0 possible. It conditionally corresponds to the sparingly training effect on the human body, gives the possibility to conduct air therapy, heliotherapy, natural air and plant ion therapy in the low altitude conditions to prevent UV-insufficiency, increasing the resistance of the human body to physical stress and accelerating the recovery processes.

Topicality of the research is due to the fact that the traditional medicine, its centuries-old experience and applicability in the modern system of health protection are of great interest among the general public and medical community.

The aim of the work is to substantiate the system approach in the study of the traditional medicine experience.

Materials and methods. Information analysis studies of the Tibetan, Mongolian and Buryat traditional medicine.

Results. It has been established that the system approach combining basic scientific trends of determinism and stochastic vision of natural phenomena as a whole is a logical elimination of contradictions between the given directions and makes it possible to take into account general relations in the whole body. The elements of the system approach are in evidence in the traditions of healing; therefore, this approach will promote the understanding of common factors in the functioning of human body in various conditions.

Conclusion. The system approach in the study of the traditional medicine experience makes it possible to reveal the essence of diseases treatment, create combined medical technologies for the treatment and prophylaxis of the diseases, to develop complex medicinal remedies and suggest them for the use in modern conditions.

Relevance. Currently, the revival of the medicinal plant industry at the state level is underway in Russia. One of the priorities of the Botanical Garden of Tuvan State University is the introduction of medicinal plants.

Purpose: to study the biological and ecological features of the introduction of medicinal plants in the conditions of Tuvan State University Botanical Garden.

Materials and methods. The object of the study was the seeds of medicinal plants: Siberian motherwort and Mongolian astragalus. In the open ground, beds measuring 8×1.2 m2 were planted in 1000 pieces. seeds in each bed. Monitoring, watering and care are currently underway. Before planting the seeds, they were calibrated. The seed material of Siberian motherwort was provided by the customer by the Center for the Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Moscow), and the seeds of Mongolian astragalus were provided by the Altai branch of the Association of Producers and Consumers of Traditional Herbal and Medicinal Products in 2019.

Results. As a result of the conducted research, the medicinal plants successfully passed the introduction test in the soil and climatic conditions of the Tuvan State University Botanical Garden and turned out to be the most frost-resistant.

Conclusion. Tuva, with its special natural and climatic conditions, the presence of almost all natural zones - from deserts to alpine meadows, is an excellent testing ground for growing high–quality medicinal raw materials. This makes it possible to put Tuva in a number of promising regions in the introduction of medicinal plants. From 2018 to the present, the staff of the Tuvan State University Botanical Garden has been carrying out research work on the cultivation of medicinal plants and seed collection. The methods of growing medicinal plants used in the pharmacopoeia of traditional and folk medicine are studied in relation to the conditions of the Republic of Tyva.

Relevance. The Republic of Tyva has a significant potential of natural water healing resources – arzhaans. To date, more than 240 Arzhaans have been recorded in the republic, of which about 200 have been examined. The authors distinguish two groups of arzhaans – mineral, which includes mineral springs and salt-mud lakes, and fresh, which are allocated to a separate group of submineral therapeutic waters. The latter include arzhaans, whose waters have a mineralization of less than 1 g/l and do not contain any biologically active components in balneologically significant amounts.There is no information in the scientific balneological and balneological literature on the therapeutic use of submineral waters and the mechanism of their action. In this regard, their study is relevant.

The purpose of this article is to summarize the results of a study of the submineral waters of the western part of Tuva.

Materials and methods. In the field, water temperature and other physico-chemical parameters (pH, salinity, redox potential) were measured with an electrothermometer and a water analyzer RNT-028; unstable 37 components - using a field hydrochemical laboratory, radon content – with the alpha–active gases radiometer RGA-01, radiological situation - with the dosimeter–radiometer "ISS-01CA1M". General chemical analysis of water and determination of helium content were carried out at the Institute of the Earth's Crust SB RAS, micro– component analysis – at Tomsk Polytechnic University.

Results. 35 arzhaans were examined. It was revealed that the water of these sources has a low mineralization with a predominance of bicarbonate ions in most sources, and the contents of lithium, chromium, strontium, molybdenum, barium, and uranium from microcomponents in a number of sources exceed the average values for groundwater in the upper part of the Earth's crust.

Conclusions. Submineral waters are a valuable balneological resource, as they are very popular among residents of Tuva and neighboring regions. On separate freshwater arjaans (Adargan, Ala-Taiga, Angiraktyg, Bel, KaraSug, Kegen-Bulak, Kum-Suu, etc.), an average of 500-600 people on each of them rest and improve their health annually in July-August. Such popularity of the submineral therapeutic springs of Tuva determines the need for their further research for a more complete understanding of the conditions of their formation, the mechanism of their action and the organization of their rational use and protection.

Relevance. One of the tasks of the society is the problem of health saving of the population. Currently, the methods of Tuvan traditional medicine are known as specific services among the population of Tuva. Tuvan traditional methods of treatment differ from academic modern medicine - for a native of traditional Tuvan culture, knowledge of medicines of plant and animal origin is an integral part of mandatory knowledge.

The aim of the work is to analyze the method of Tuvan traditional medicine in a transforming society and its social integration into the healthcare sector of Tuva.

Materials and methods. Literature review; study of the treatment method of Tuvan traditional medicine in interviews with informants.

Results. The methods of Tuvan traditional medicine for healing are used by every Tuvan who lives in remote kozhuuns of Tuva. The definition of "kara em" is typical for all medicines, materials of animal, natural or vegetable origin that are used in Tuvan traditional medicine. The main people who used the methods of Tuvan traditional medicine were shamans and people who were called "otchu-emchi", "emneer-domnaar bashki", "suybaar bashki", "karam kornur kizhi". Recently, lama-bashkylar or shamans have been admitted to the hospital, where the patient is in serious condition, to conduct the Tuvan traditional medical rite (khamnaar, domnaar, karam-kornur, symyranir, artyzhaar).

Conclusions. Tuvans are a unique people who use everything in nature to heal themselves. The established methods of Tuvan traditional medicine among the population of Tuva are passed down by word of mouth to this day. The paradox is that they do not realize that they independently use some methods of Tuvan traditional treatment that they learned from their parents, and they are conditioned by the culture, tradition and lifestyle of Tuvan people. These valuable facts (according to the informants) were noted especially in the remote kozhuuns of Tuva. There is a tendency for the revival and professionalization of Tuvan traditional medicine and the definition of the classification of methods of Tuvan traditional medicine requires scientific research on the basis of the Center of Traditional Medicine of the Research Institute of Medical and Social Problems and Management of the Republic of Tuva, since in the modern period the integration of academic modern medicine and Tuvan traditional medicine in the health system for the improvement of the population of Tuva is especially relevant.

Relevance. In the regions of Asian Russia, there are problems and contradictions in the development of the social sphere, differentiation of urban and rural settlements in terms of infrastructure provision and transport accessibility. Achieving social sustainability of the territories of Asian Russia is the most important condition for the long-term crisis-free development of these territories, maintaining national security and ensuring the national interests of the country. Problems of assessing public health, the effectiveness of the health care system, and demographic development are of particular importance and relevance at the present time.

The aim and objectives. As a result, the development of methodological tools for assessing public health, the level of health care development, and demographic development in the regions of Asian Russia became the goal of this study.The objectives of the study included a generalization of Russian and foreign practice in assessing public health, as well as the development of tools for multi-criteria assessment of public health and the level of healthcare development in the regions of Russia based on integral indicators of the effectiveness and resource availability of the healthcare system.

Materials and methods. In this study, the authors consider public health as an economic category that reflects the expenditures of the country's economic resources allocated to the protection of public health and the effectiveness of the state policy of the state aimed at protecting public health. As the main indicators characterizing public health, the indicators of healthy life expectancy, total fertility rate, infant mortality rate, mortality rate of the working-age population are defined.

Results. The results of the public health assessment indicate that 18 regions of Asian Russia, or two thirds, are characterized by a low level of health system performance in terms of healthy lifestyle expectancy, fertility and mortality rates. A low level of resource provision of the healthcare system is observed in half of the territories, or 14 regions of Asian Russia.

Conclusion. As recent experience in the fight against COVID-19 has shown, despite the effective work of all medical organizations and the dedicated work of the country’s medical workers, all the problems that have existed for a long time in the development of the infrastructure of both the healthcare system and other sectors of the country’s social sphere have emerged. There is a general understanding that the infrastructural development of any territory of vast Russia must be carried out according to modern standards and requirements, regardless of its geographical location and administrative status.

Relevance. Hydrogen sulfide mineral waters are widely used in spa treatment. The therapeutic effect of exposure to hot water procedures gives positive results in chronic pathologies of the musculoskeletal system, gastroenterology, as well as in other areas of prevention and rehabilitation of human health, where hydrogen sulfide is considered an important therapeutic component.

The aim of the work. Investigation of the hydrochemical and microbiological composition of thermal hydrogen sulfide waters of Umkhey, Kuchiger, Alla springs of the Barguzin Valley of the Republic of Buryatia.

Materials and methods. The composition of sulfur-containing compounds in sources, which by their composition belong to the nitric thermal siliceous waters of the Baikal hydromineral region, where the accumulation of chemical components is facilitated by an alkaline environment and elevated temperature, has been studied using hydrochemical analysis, mass spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography.

Results. The conducted studies have shown that in addition to sulfides and sulfates, sulfites, thiosulfates, mineral water contains elemental and polysulfide sulfur, cyclic polynuclear organosulfur compounds and cyclic polysulfides. These compounds can exhibit high balneological activity due to their better permeability through the skin at high temperatures. The composition of the microbial community of water and bottom sediments has been studied, which is represented by various taxonomic groups, where the chemolithotrophic bacteria Thiobacillus, Thermodesulfovibrio, Geobacter and Gallionella are the dominant group. The microbial community in thermal springs is involved in the transformation of chemicals, the formation and consumption of gases, in biogeochemical cycles of sulfur, the formation of the chemical composition and therapeutic factor of waters and sediments.

Conclusions. The presence of organic sulfanes simultaneously with elemental sulfur and hydrogen sulfide suggests that they are active balneological components of thermal hydrogen sulfide mineral waters. The microbial community of water and bottom sediments in thermal springs is involved in the transformation of chemicals and the formation of the chemical composition and therapeutic factor of waters and bottom sediments.